Lexus ES350 Rack And Pinion translates rotary movement of the steering wheel into left or right direction movement on the front tires, providing a road feel and predictable control to the driver. This Rack And Pinion system has a tiny pinion gear on the steering shaft that interlocks with a straight rack gear mounted in a rigid tube and tie rods between the ends of the rack and the steering knuckles so that the direction of the wheels immediately reflects the driver input. In various ES350 years, Lexus retained the Rack And Pinion design, with preference to straight gear racks with stronger torque transfer, cooler operation, and minimal play, with hydraulic power in earlier models. In subsequent Lexus ES350 models, the Rack And Pinion is electrically assisted to make it light, without desensitizing feedback. Helical choices do exist in design manuals, but the ES350 type of the Rack And Pinion remains straight due to the side load, heating, and accelerated wear caused by helix teeth, and Lexus focuses on durability and smoothness.
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